Mounting device for projectiles



Aug. 21, 1945. H. J. FANGER ETAL 2,383,053

MOUNTING DEVICE FOR PROJECTILES Filed April l8,-l942 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 17Fit?! HEE Mn N U-INIZAE HENEY GRUENHAGE/V oLsve F: sMnFFs/e ArTbQMa-vAug. 21, 1945. H. J. FANGER EI'AL ,0

MOUNTING DEVICE FOR PROJECTILES Filed April 18, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 2tll 53 54 l6 "llh.

INVENTORS HEEMNN q. FAA/GE? HENRY GEUENHflGEN CLEVE F- S/MFF'EE PatentedAug. 21, 1945 UNITED; STATE s PATENT OFFICE 4 MOUNTING DEVICEFOR-PROJECTILES Herman I. Fanger and Henry GruenhagemOak- ApplicationApril is, 1942, Serial No. 439,456

7 Claims.

adapted for drop-firing wherein there is a fixed firing pin at thebreechend of the barrel and the projectile is dropped into the dischargeend'of the barrel and forcibly'conta'cts the percussion cap of anexplosive charge against the fixed firing pin. However, the mode ofoperating with a mor tar having a manually operabl trigger ismuch to bepreferred, for numerous reasons, instances of which are a more steadyand certain aim, certainty of exploding the propelling charge; timingthe firing, regulation of distance range, etc. Among the objects of thisinvention are to provide a mounting support for aproiect le especiallyadapted for mortar firing; to provide means to releasably hold aprojectile in a downwardly inclined barrel; to provide a tight sealrelative to the explosive chamber of a mortar barrel bylexplosive forceof a propelling charge; to providea -mortar projectile which willmaintain a' sealing means perpendicular to 'the axis of the barrel; Afurther object is to provide for escape of a predetermined selectiveamount of explosive gases of a propelling charge from the explosionchamber through the discharge end of amortar'barrel. -A further objectis to'provide'means to regulatethe distance range of flight of aprojectile by control of volume of exhausted gases from an explosivecharge. Yet another object is to provide a support for an explosiveprojectile wherebyprojectilesof varying types and varying diametersmaybe readily utilized in asingle mortar, and'fired or explosivelypropelled in the same manner as a bomb illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings and pointed out in the claims hereto appended, it :be-

ing understood that various changes in the form,

proportion, size, and details of construction of the apparatusrnay beresorted to within the scop of the claims without departing from thespirit or sacrificinglany' of the advantages of the invention. To moreclearly comprehend the invention, reference is directed to the views oftheaccompanying drawings wherein like referencechan acters indicatecorresponding parts in the respective views, and in which: y

Fig. 1 is an axially longitudinal elevation partly in section and partlybroken away. 1

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary perspectiveview of a portion of the structureView of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view'of a portion of structure shownin Fig. 1. Y

Fig. 4 is a lateral transverse section'on line IV IV of both Figs. 1 and7.

Fig. 5 is a planview of a valve plate. Fig. 6 is an' enlargedfragmentary sectional'view of structure of'valve plates. Fig.7 is anaxially longitudinal elevation partly in section and partly broken away,of a modified form of the invention.

Fig. 8 is aper'spective viewof a portion of the structure shownin Fig.7.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of a modified form of valve plate.

Fig. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of a'modified form in which theinvention may be embodied.

Referring to the drawings wherein like character references indicatecorresponding parts in the several views, I0 indicates generally amortarbarrel which is illustrated here to provide an environinent toillustrate the utility and the advantages of the invention incombination therewith.

In the patent of Cleve F. Shaffer No. 2,378,735, dated June 19, 1945,for a Grenade, there was disclosed an adapter for receiving an explosiveshell, the expanding gases of which passed through perforations of theadapter and into an expansion or explosion chamber at the breech end ofthe mortar barrel for projecting the grenade; in the application ofCleve F. Shaffer, Ser'. No. 406,301, filed August 11, 1941, forCombination mortar, there was disclosed means for exhausting gases fromthe explosion chamber-at the breech end of a mortar which was adapted touse the adapter'of the aforesaid grenade application. The presentapplication relates to the'subject matter of the'aforesaidapplications-and disclosures, certain modifications being incorporatedherein and provision made for a selective and controlled escapement fromthe muzzle end of the mortar, of theexplosive gases generated in thecombustion chamher at the breech end of a mortar barrel by an explosivepropelling charge or shell.

In the -ptesentdnvention. there is .zproyided a;

structurefldesignated'herein as an adapter generally indicated II, andcomprised of an axially elongated body having an axially elongated.tubu-r lar central portion l2, which conveniently isinternallycylindrical, and is provided externally with axially aligned aeroguides,which are exemplified herein as radially extending elongated ,fins :3,in spaced relation circumferentially ab'out'the exterior of thecylindrical tubular portion- The tubular portion I2, more nearlyadjacent its-closed as copper, it being observed that the terminal endof the skirt of the fiexible disc 33 extends slightly beyond theterminal end of the underlying skirt of the disc- 32 as beSt'$h0Wnm a/t34 in- Fig. 6, whereby the more, flexible skirt of lthesofter sealingplate 32 may be spread radially by the explosive force of the propellingcharge and make a tight sealrelative to the mortar barrel, it beingobvious that the projectile body as a whole should be of slightlyiessdiameter than the mortar barrel in. orderthat the'projectile may beslidably inserted in the muzzle end and slide to firing posi- .tionf'atthe *breech. Having a relatively small sealing area also 'reducesfriction with the barrel,

prevents-the barrel'from heating, and decreases resistance, whereby theexplosive charge is more effective to propel the projectile a greaterdisable shape but conveniently may be elongated slots as indicated inthe drawings. The opposite end I6 of the cylindrical body I2 is open andis adapted to receive an explosive shell ll, or other suitable type ofexplosive charge which preferably abuts a breech block 18 at the closed.end of the mortar barrel, a firing pin is being operable at said breechblock-end of the mortar, preferably operated by a manually operabletrigger (not shown), to penetrate and therebyexplode a percussion fuse20 in the shell or explosive charge ll.

At its opposite or closed end I 4 the adapter has the end of the fins l3tapered radially inwardly and upwardly as at 2| to a crown 22 upon whichthere is co-axially mounted a means for tightly sealing the explosionchamber of the barrel and for selectively controlling an escape orexhaust of explosive gases which are generated'in the explosion chamberat the breech end of the mortar barrel by explosion of the shell or.charge ll, said control means being generally indicated 23. The

tapering 2! of the fins l3 provides an unobstructed chamber at the topof the adapter for equalizing explosive forces exerted upon a controlvalve and sealing plate to be hereafter described.

In Fig. l the control means 23 is combine with a base plate of a bombprojectile body generally indicated 24, the base member or plate beingindicated 25. It Will be noted that the adapter member I I at itsforward end or crown 22, is provided with an integral axially extendedstub or hub 26 which is threaded at its free end as at 52".,

the threads preferably terminating in spaced. adjacent relation to thecrown'22 providing an unthreaded bearing portion 28 upon whichcombination seal and valve is rotatably mounted.

The valve comprises a pair of overlying, relatively thin,circumferentially skirted disc members and 33, in substantiallysuperficial contact one nesting within the skirted port'on of the other,as best shown in Fig. 6. For brevity of statement, they may be referredto as coinciding plates, meaning thereby that they are substantiallysimilar in circumference and are overlying in plan, but not necessarilythat the flexible plate 33 must be of similar area with plate 32,'since,if desired,

its central portion may-be removed. These 1.

tance. For these reasons, and also in order that explosive gasespermitted to escape by manipulation of the valve plates 32, 33 inrelation to base plate. 25, the transverse diameter of portions of thebomb body 24 should be less than the planar diameter of the valve plates32, 33 and base plate 25. The two'valve plates-32, 33 are perforated inregisterwith aseries of perforations which are graduated in size asindicated 35a, 12, c, d, in Fig. 8. There is a one series of theseperforations for each of the holes or openings 36 through the base plate25 of the projectile'or bomb24, said base plate 25 being stationary andintegral with the body of the bomb 24, which is securely mounted uponthe threaded stub 26. Adjacent the base plate 25 the body of: theprojectile bomb is provided with circumferential recessed indentations31-, which communicate with the holes or openings 36 inthe baseplate'25, and there may be provided webs 38 for separating theindentations 31 and also adding reinforcementto'the COliIlC- tion of thecircumferential body portion of the bomb body with the circumferentialportion of the base plate 25. The mainportion of the-bomb body 24 mayassume any elongated form of hollow shell, as shown in section in Fig.l, the internal wall of the hollow shell being circumferentially groovedas at 40; and its external diameter is less than the diameter of theplate elements 25, 32 and 33, which comprise the control valve meansgenerally indicated 23, the latter being substantially of the samediameter as the transverse di- 'ameter of the adapter-member II from onelongitudinal edge to an opposite longitudinal edge, 'themaximum diameterof the adapter I! and valve control means 23 being substantially thesame as the inner diameter of the mortar barrel, but sufiiciently'lessto provide slidability therein. The main body 24 of the projectile beingless than the internal diameter of the mortar barrel. it follows thatthere is a space between said main body 24 and the internal wall of themortar barrel, thus providing aspace for the by-pass of explosive gaseswhich are exhausted under regulated control through the openings 35a,1), 0, din the valve plates 32, 33 and through the opening 36 in thebase plate 25. Means are provided on the bomb body to position the bombco-axially with the bore of the mortar barrel without interfering withthe exhaust of explosive gases as explained above. Such a means maycomprise elongated fins or strips 42 extended radially from body 24 andin spaced relation circumferentially about the bomb body, the numberthereof preferably being about the same as the number of fins l3 on theadapter I I, the desirable number of fins on either the adapter or thebomb body being variable according to the gauge of the projectile, thesmaller projectiles n'otrequiring as many fins as those of larger sizes.These fins 42 are afiixed to the bomb body by insertion of one edge inelongated recesses 43, the latter serving the additional purpose ofscoring the external wall of the bombs and thereby cooperating with theinternal grooves 40 to weaken the wall of the bomb in substantialrectangular platting for more effective fragmentationwhen the bomb isexploded. The bomb body 24 at its forward end is threaded to receive anose or cap 44, in which may be mounted any suitable percussion or timefuse 45 which serves to explode the powder charge indicated by stippling46 within the hollowed bomb body.

' Referring to the modification of the disclosure in Figs. 7, 8 and 10,there is an adaptation of the invention to a mounting support for a typeof a, projectile well known in military parlance as a hand grenade. Theadapter member ll may be substantially identical in most of its elementswith the adapter disclosed in Fig. 1. However,

7 Fig. 7, since,the valve plates 32, 33, are rotatable relative to theplates 25, 25a,and since it is intended that they-.may be relativelyadjusted so that the perforation'35a, b, c, (2, may register with theholes or openings 36 in plates 25, 25a, it is desirable toprovidesuitable means to set up a small or slight amount of resistanceto such relative rotation, so as to prevent casual, un-

intended relative movement. Any suitable means instead of the platebeing an integral part of a 'bomb body, the plate indicated 25a in Figs.7 and 8 is a separate member which overlies the valve disc plates 32,33, the perforations or vents in the valve discs being adapted toregister with the openings 36 in the plate 25a. The valve discs 32, 33,are rotatable upon the unthreaded portion '28 of the stub 26a, which hasits free end in may be so employed, and as herein exemplified,comprisesan upward detent 10 in the upper disc plate '33, suchdetent'being provided with a relatively sharp peak Tl which isadapted'to engage circular 'ratchet'teeth 12 which may be stamped ormachined into the lower face of the plates 25, 25a. Not only does thedetent ratchet provide for a resistance to relative casual movement ofthe said plate and valve disc, butit also'provides an index meanswhereby the number'of ratchet teethor clicks maybe counted by a soldierandv thus determine the-proper adjustment of the,

registering cf the desired opening or vents 35a, b, 0, cl, with relationto the openings 36, even though the soldier' be' operating in darkness.

4o in'other suitable ways, and as one illustration ient releasablesnap-in latch means for engaging in scored grooves which are normally apart of the "exterior body of the well known hand grenade i The handgrenade illustrated in this application is of the usual well known typeconsisting of a bomb body 56 which is hollow and filled with explosivematerial and has an opening 5'! at one end for filling the body andforrthreadedlvreceiving a fuse cup 58 within'which .there is a frictiontime-fuse 59. Over the top of the fusecup 58'there is a springlever 60,which has a terminal claw .6! at one end for engaging, a rimonthefuse-cup. Thelever 66 extends transversely across the top of thefuse-cup and down the side of the hand grenade body in a portion termeda lever handle 62.- Intermediate .its ends the lever 60 has a flange orlip 63 which overlies the plane of an car 64 on the side wall ofthefuse-cup 58, a removable jerk-pin or safety pin 65 securing the ear andlip in juxtaposition. When jerk-pin 65 is pulled out, the resilience oflever 62, 60, would normally cause the lever' to spring away from thegrenade body andthereby release a hammer 66 actuatedby a coilspring 61,sothat the point 68 of thehammerj-would come forcibly in contact withthe ignition fuse 59, ignite the same, which in turn would'explode thebomb, the fuse 59 being of the time? type, which is set 'to explode thebomb a reasonable time after it could be normally thrown by .a soldier.It is therefore obvious that when asoldier pulls the safety jerk-pin 65he would hold lever 62 in his hand on the side of the bomb until hethrows it, whereupon the lever 66, 62 automatiofanal-ternative,there isshown in Fig.9 a' plur'ality of graduated slots'tapere'd from a largeropen e'nd'35e to anar'rower po'rtion 35f. v I It will be noted that theexternal diameter of the fiexible-skirt 33in Figs 3, 6, and"8,-and 33bin 10, is intended in its original condition to havesubstantially thesame diameter as between the-outer'edgesof opposite fins l3, so that theprojectile will slide easily in the mortar barrel." But when thepropelling charge I! is exploded, the force of the explosion' in thebreech end of the mortar, rearwardly ofsaid flexible plate's 33, 331)causes the skirt to radially expand to tightly seal against the wall ofthe barrelfin which position it is shown in Figs. 1 and 7 and in themanner shown in the dotted lines of Fig. 6. There may be provided in allof these devices means for releasably holding the projectile and adapterin the barrel'of a mortar when the muzzle'c'f the barrel is held' inadow'nwardly inclined position. As exemplified herein, there is aslightly raised annular portion of the barrel wall closely adjacent thefiring pin 19, which provides an annular ring Illa, the upraised wall ofwhich has a gradual incline from the barrel wallL To cooperate with thisring Illa there is provided at the lower ends of the fins l'3narrowelongated slots Ila which impart'a resilience to the outer edge ofthe fin adjacent the end whereby there is a s'uflicient resilience"given'to the edge of the -fin adjacent the slot to'permit that portionof the fin to ride'up'the gradualincline of the annular ring and passthereby until the base of the adapter and its included'shell H areseated "at thebreech block l8. To facilitate the releasable gripping ofthe resilient portion of the fin on the ring Illa, the edge of the finis provided with an indent lflb to releasably engage ring Ilia. Theresilient pressure of the slotted portions Ila of the adapter providesufficient resilient hold to prevent the projectile and adapter fromsliding in the barrel if the barrel is inclined downwardly.

In the operation of the devices of Figs. 1 and 7 of the presentinvention, the projectile bomb 24 or grenade 56 is first mounted uponthe assembly of adapter H and exhaust control valve 23, and explosivepropelling charg or cartridge ll having been inserted in the adapter,and then the combined structure is dropped into the discharge end of themortar barrel l0, sliding by gravity to the breech thereof, where it issubject to firing by the pin l9. In the case of the hand grenade, thejerk-pin 65 is not removed until the handle portion 62 of lever 60 isengaged within the mortar barrel and is held against release until theprojectile is fired by the mortar. The gripping means Ila holds theprojectile against dislodgement if the mortar barrel is downwardlyinclined, as might be necessary by parachute troops.

The cylindrical wall l2 of the adapter is reinforced against the forceof the explosion of the shell H by the elongated fins I3 andadditionally reinforced by the fact that the fins 13 have mere slidableclearance relative to the internal diameter of the barrel and expandslightly radially when the propelling charge I1 is exploded. When thecharge 11 is exploded, the expanding gases flow out through the openingsl5 of the adapter, and into the combustion chamber at the breech end ofthe mortar barrel and thus propel the projectile. The-upper valve disc33 being of relatively soft flexible material has its skirt portionspread by the force of the explosion and thus makes a seal against thewalls of the barrel. .g

From actual experience it has been found that the force of the explosioncrowds the explosive gases between the skirt portion of thevalve discs32, 33 and. spreads the skirt of the softer plate 33 at the anglebetween the skirt and the plate of the disc as shown in dotted lines inFig. 6 at 330., thus providing a seal of substantial length against thebarrel wall, and whereby the only substantial amount of escaping gasesare those which are regulated and controlled in predetermined amounts byrelative manipulation of the valve disc 32, 33, in relation to theopenings in the plates 25, 25a, which operates to control the size ofthe valve vent and the exhaust of explosive gases from the combustionchamber of the mortar through the openings 36 and out through thedischarge opening ,of the barrel by virtue of the spacing of theprojectile from the barrel walls.

In Fig. 10, there-is disclosed a modification of the invention, moreparticularly adapted for firing from a mortar in which escapement ofexplosive gasesmay be controlledby valve means at the breech end of themortar barrel, such as disclosed in co-pending applications of Cleve F.Shaffer, Ser. No. 434,646, filed March 14, 1942, and Ser. No. 406,301,filed August 11, 1941; Therefore, in the modification shown in Fig. 10,it is not necessary to provide openings through sealing plates 25b, 32band 33b. The means 53,54, for releasably mounting a bomb body on theadapter ll of Fig. 10, is similar to the corresponding element of'Fig.'7. Since there isno relative rotation necessary'between plates 25b,

33b and 32b in the device of Fig. 10, the plate i- 5 b may be tightlythreaded down upon the plates 33b and 32b for fixed relationship.

It is believed to be an important factor in the invention that theexplosion chamber in the mortar barrel for the expansion of theexplosive gases shall be maintained cylindrical, that is, rectangular inlongitudinal sections, since this provides an equalized pressure withinthe barrel from the time of the explosion to the time that theregulating plates 32, 33 and 25, 25a, entirely clear the discharge endof the barrel when the projectile is fired. In order to accomplish this,the plates 32, 33, which are referred to as the skirt plates upon whichthe projectile is mounted, should have a diameter substantially similarto the diameter of the barrel, an allowance for slidability being made.In more simple terms, and by way of illustrative comparison, if ateardrop or torpedo-shaped projectile were employed in connection withthe same adapter, without employing the plates, the force of theexploding gases would be dissipated as soon as the enlarged forward endof the teardrop or torpedo-shaped projectile cleared the discharge endof the barrel and the projectile would be deprived of the follow throughforce of the explosive gases, whereas with the present invention theexplosive gases continueto exert their propulsive force until theprojectile is completely cleared of the barrel. Thus, the onlysubstantial portion of the explosive force which is dissipated is thatportion which is intentionally exhausted as by the control andregulation of the valve plates 32, 33, in cooperation with the openingin the plates 25, 25a in the devices of Figs. 1 to 9, or by way of othercontrolled means mentioned in the description of the device of Fig. 10,for the purpose of mechanically controlling the flight range of theprojectile.

It will be understood that various sizes and types of bomb bodies may beemployed with a single size of adapter.

Inthe claims the terms forwardly and upwardly refer to that end of theapparatus mounting the bomb body, and, conversely, the terms rearwardlyand downwardly refer to the opplosite end which mounts the propellingexplosive s e l.

Having described the invention, what claimed as new and patentable is:

1. A mounting device for explosively propelled projectiles, including anadapter provided with an elongated tubular body, said body havingradially extended circumferentially spaced fins and being provided withperforations in its body intermediate its ends and having. an opening atits rearward end' for receiving an explosive charge, a plurality ofrelatively rotatable overlying plates at the forward end portion of theadapter body, said plates having openings therethrough adapted toregister in the respective plates and relatively adjustable by rotationof the respective plates for providing a control valve for explosivegases generated by the explosive charge in said adapter when themounting device is confined in a gun barrel, and means for mounting aprojectile body at said forward end of the adapter.

2. A mounting device for explosively propelled o mortar projectiles,including a perforated tubular adapter member having radially extendedcircumferentially spaced elongated fins and provided at its rearward endwith an opening for receiving an explosive charge, means at the forwardend portion of the adapter for connecting a projectile body thereto, acontrol valve at the forward end of the adapter for substantiallyclosing a mortar barrel, said control valve being intermediate theprojectile connecting means and the finned adapter and comprising aplurality of relatively rotatable plates, each of which has openingstherethrough selectively adapted for registering by relative axialrotation of the plates, one of said plates being of relatively softerand more flexibl material and having a circumferentially rearwardlydepending skirt and having within said skirt a substantially coincidingreinforcing plate of more rigid material, and another of said platesbeing forwardly of the softer plate and in superficial contacttherewith.

3'. In combination with an armament projectile, a device for mountingthe projectile, in-

cluding a perforated tubular adapter member having radially extendedcircumferentially spaced elongated fins and provided at its rearwardportion with an opening for receiving an explosive charge, means at theforward portion of said adapter for holding the projectile, a disccontrol valve at the forward end of the adapter for substantiallyclosing a mortar barrel intermediate the projectile body and the forwardend of the finned adapter, said disc valve including a plurality ofrelatively rotatable overlying plates substantially in facial contactingrelation, each of said plates having openings therethrough selectivelyadapted to register in open, closed and intermediate adjustment byrelative rotation of said plates, one of said plates being rigid andforming an integral base plate for the projectile body, and another ofsaid plates being more nearly adjacent to the explosive charge and beingof relatively softer and more flexible material,

, said last mentioned plate having a circumferential downwardlydepending skirt at its periphery.

4. A mounting device for explosively propelled projectiles, including afinned adapter having an elongated perforated tubular body and having atits rearward end an opening for receiving an explosive charge, aplurality of relatively rotatable disc plates coaxially mounted at theforward end portion of the adapter body, said plates having their discportions in overlying sliding substantially contacting relation and eachplate having openings therethrough, providing a disc control valve, saidopenings in the respective plates being selectively adapted, by relativerotation of the plates, for adjustment -from an aligned openrelationship to a closed relationship, two of said plates being ofsubstantially rigid material and another of said plates being interposedtherebetween and being of relatively softer and more flexible materialand having a circumferential downwardly depending skirt at itsperiphery, and means for mounting a projectile body at the face of saiddisc valve farthest removed from the adapter.

5. In combination with an explosive projectile, a mounting device,including an adapter comprising an elongated perforated tubular body forselective adjustment from an aligned opened to a closed position, one ofsaid plates more nearly adjacent the adapter being of relatively softerand more flexible material than the other plate and having acircumferential downwardly depending skirt at its periphery, means forconnecting a projectile at the face of said valve opposite the adapter,the said projectile body having portions of lesser transverse exteriordiameter than the planar diameter of said disc plates, and havin atother portions of its body axially longitudinal radially extended finswhereby elongated channels are provided along the projectile bodyforwardly of said plates, the openings in the plate adjacent theprojectile body being in communication with said channels.

' 6. In combination with an explosive projectilethe mounting devicecomprising a plurality of relatively rotatable overlying disc plates inslidable facial contact, each of said plates having openingstherethrough, one of said plates being integral with and forming a baseplate for the projectile body and the openings therethrough havingcommunication with said channels of the projectile body, the openings inthe respective plates being selectively adapted by relative rotation ofthe plates for relative adjustment of the openings therethrough from aregistered open to a closed position, one of said plates more nearlyadjacent the mounting device being of relatively soft and flexible metaland having a circumferentially downwardly depending skirt at itsperiphery, and a disc plate f more rigid material snugly fitting withinsaid downwardly depending skirt.

7. A device for mounting an explosively propelled projectile, comprisingan adapter member having an elongated externally finnedtubular body forreceiving an explosive propelling charge at an open end portion, meansmounted end portion free, the free end f said fingers having sufiicientresilience for releasably holding the bomb body; and a sealing plateinterposed be tween the adapter member and the base of said fingers,said sealing plate having substantially the same planar diameter as themaximum diameter of the adapter and having a slightly greater planardiameter than the maximum transverse diameter across saidfinger-structure, said plate including a circumfe'rentially skirtedperipheral portion of a relatively soft flexible metal adapted forradial expansion responsive to explosive force of the propelling chargein the adapter; said tubular body of the adapter having openingstherethrough providing communication between said tubular body and thechamber of a mortar lbarrel whereby explosive gases generated by thepropelling charge may expand into the mortar barrel rearwardly of saidsealing plate. I

HERMAN J L FANGER, HENRY GRUENHAGEN. CLEVE F. SHAFFER.

